SOLRAD 1 was a science and surveillance satellite launched into orbit on June 22, 1960. Developed by the US Naval Research Laboratory, it was the first satellite to successfully observe solar X-rays, the first to conduct surveillance from orbit, and the first to be launched with another instrumented satellite (the unrelated navigation satellite, Transit 2A). The scientific mission was a success, sending data that determined normal solar X-ray output and confirmed the connection between increased solar X-ray activity and radio fade-outs. The Galactic Radiation and Backgroundelectronic surveillance package on board had a covert mission: mapping the Soviet Union's air defense radar network. This mission was also successful, operating through September 22, 1960, and revealing that the network was more extensive than had been expected. SOLRAD 1 was switched off in April 1961, making it the first satellite to be remotely deactivated. (Full article...)

• ... that Soviet Vice-Admiral Nikolai Yegipko(pictured) had once been rejected for membership in the Komsomol after it was reported that he used 'perfumed' soap?
• ... that Thurrock services was built on top of a rubbish dump?
• ... that while American social media celebrity Olivia Jade said, 'I don't really care about school', she applied and was accepted to the University of Southern California?
• ... that the fatwa against insulting revered Sunni figures issued by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was described as winning 'widespread praise'?
• ... that silent film actress Fannie Bourke ran a 500-seat 'votes for women' movie theatre in New Rochelle, New York?
• ... that in 2018, an asteroid measuring 12 meters (39 feet) across exploded in an air burst over the Bering Sea near the Kamchatka Peninsula with the force of 173 kilotons of TNT?
• ... that Orvar Swenson performed the first successful surgery to treat Hirschsprung's disease, a birth defect which causes megacolon?
• ... that during the Canada–Philippines waste dispute, Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte threatened to declare war on Canada over 103 mislabeled shipping containers of household trash?

• At least 184 people are killed by a heat wave in India.
• Former President of EgyptMohamed Morsi(pictured) dies during his trial, at the age of 67.
• An outbreak of acute encephalitis in Bihar, India, results in the deaths of more than 100 children.
• A power outage affects Argentina, Uruguay and parts of Paraguay.
• In golf, Gary Woodland wins the U.S. Open at Pebble Beach.

• 813 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: A vastly outnumbered Bulgarian Empire force defeated a Byzantine army in the Battle of Versinikia.
• 1807 – The British warship HMS Leopardpursued and attacked the American frigateUSS Chesapeake in the belief that the latter had deserters from the Royal Navy.
• 1911 – George V and Mary of Teck(both pictured)were crowned king and queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey in London.
• 1941 – World War II: As Axis troops began their invasion of the Soviet Union, the Lithuanian Activist Frontstarted an uprising to liberate Lithuania from Soviet occupation.
• 2009 – Two Metro trains in Washington, D.C., collided, killing nine people and injuring eighty others.

Lucrezia Tornabuoni (b. 1427) ·Matthew Henry (d. 1714) ·Judy Garland (d. 1969)