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CentOS
DeveloperThe CentOS Project
(affiliated with Red Hat)
OS familyLinux (RPM)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial release14 May 2004; 15 years ago[1]
Latest release7.6-1810 (3 December 2018; 6 months ago[2])[±]

6.10 (3 July 2018; 11 months ago[3])[±]

5.11 (30 September 2014; 4 years ago[4])[±]
Marketing targetDesktop computer, Workstation, Mainframe, server
Update methodLong-term support
Package managerYum (command line); PackageKit (graphical); .rpm (binaries format)
Platformsamd64[a]
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
Default user interfaceCommand-line, GNOME Classic
LicenseFree software (GPL and other licenses)
Official websitewww.centos.org

CentOS (/ˈsɛntɒs/, from Community Enterprise Operating System) is a Linux distribution that provides a free, enterprise-class, community-supported computing platform functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).[5][6] In January 2014, CentOS announced the official joining with Red Hat while staying independent from RHEL,[7] under a new CentOS governing board.[8][9]

The first CentOS release in May 2004, numbered as CentOS version 2, was forked from RHEL version 2.1AS.[1] Since the release of version 7.0, CentOS officially supports only the x86-64 architecture, while versions older than 7.0-1406 also support IA-32 with Physical Address Extension (PAE). As of December 2015, AltArch releases of CentOS 7 are available for the IA-32 architecture, Power ISA, and for the ARMv7hl and AArch64 variants of the ARM architecture.[10][11]

  • 3Versioning and releases
    • 3.1CentOS releases

History[edit]

Prior to becoming known under its current name, CentOS originated as a build artifact of CAOS Linux,[12] which was started by Gregory Kurtzer.[13]

In June 2006, David Parsley, the primary developer of Tao Linux (another RHEL clone), announced the retirement of Tao Linux and its rolling into CentOS development. Tao's users migrated to the CentOS release via yum update.[14]

In July 2009, it was reported in an open letter on the CentOS project web site that CentOS's founder, Lance Davis, had disappeared in 2008. Davis had ceased contribution to the project, but continued to hold the registration for the CentOS domain and PayPal account. In August 2009, the CentOS team reportedly made contact with Davis and obtained the centos.info and centos.org domains.[15]

In July 2010, CentOS overtook Debian to become the most popular Linux distribution for web servers, with almost 30% of all Linux web servers using it.[16] Debian retook the lead in January 2012.[17]

In January 2014, Red Hat announced that it would sponsor the CentOS project, 'helping to establish a platform well-suited to the needs of open source developers that integrate technologies in and around the operating system'.[18] As a result of these changes, ownership of CentOS trademarks was transferred to Red Hat,[19] which now employs most of the CentOS head developers; however, they work as part of Red Hat's Open Source and Standards team, which operates separately from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux team.[7] A new CentOS governing board was also established.[8]

Design[edit]

RHEL is available only through a paid subscription service or for development use in a non-production environment[20] – which provides access to software updates and varying levels of technical support. The product is largely composed of software packages distributed under free software licenses and the source code for these packages is made public by Red Hat.

CentOS developers use Red Hat's source code to create a final product very similar to RHEL. Red Hat's branding and logos are changed because Red Hat does not allow them to be redistributed.[21] CentOS is available free of charge. Technical support is primarily provided by the community via official mailing lists, web forums, and chat rooms.

The project is affiliated with Red Hat but aspires to be more public, open, and inclusive. While Red Hat employs most of the CentOS head developers, the CentOS project itself relies on donations from users and organizational sponsors.[7]

Versioning and releases[edit]

CentOS releases[edit]

CentOS version numbers for releases older than 7.0 have two parts, a major version and a minor version, which correspond to the major version and update set of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) used to build a particular CentOS release. For example, CentOS 6.5 is built from the source packages of RHEL 6 update 5 (also known as RHEL version 6.5), which is a so-called 'point release' of RHEL 6.[22]

Starting with version 7.0, CentOS version numbers also include a third part that indicates the monthstamp of the source code the release is based on. For example, version number 7.0-1406 still maps this CentOS release to the zeroth update set of RHEL 7, while '1406' indicates that the source code this release is based on dates from June 2014. Using the monthstamp allows installation images to be reissued for (as of July 2014) oncoming container and cloud releases, while maintaining a connection to the related base release version.[23]

Since mid-2006 and starting with RHEL version 4.4, which is formally known as Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 update 4, Red Hat has adopted a version-naming convention identical to that used by CentOS (for example, RHEL 4.5 or RHEL 6.5).[24]

Older version information[edit]

CentOS versionArchitecturesRHEL baseKernelCentOS release dateRHEL release dateDelay (days)
2.1IA-322.12.4.914 May 2004[1]17 May 2002[25]728
3.1IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x3.12.4.21-1519 March 2004[26]23 October 2003[25]148
3.3IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x3.32.4.21-2017 September 20043 September 200414
3.4IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x3.42.4.21-2723 January 200512 December 200442
3.5IA-323.52.4.21-3210 June 2005[27]18 May 200523
3.6IA-323.62.4.21-371 November 2005[28]28 September 200534
3.7IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x3.72.4.21-4010 April 2006[29]17 March 200623
3.8IA-32, x86-643.82.4.21-4725 August 2006[30]20 July 200636
3.9IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x3.92.4.21-5026 July 2007[31]15 June 200741
4.0IA-32, x86-64, various4.02.6.9-59 March 2005[32]14 February 2005[33]23
4.1IA-32, IA-64, s3904.12.6.9-1112 June 2005[34]8 June 20054
4.2IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x, alpha4.22.6.9-2213 October 2005[35]5 October 20058
4.3IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, s390, s390x4.32.6.9-3421 March 2006[36]12 March 20069
4.4IA-32, x86-644.42.6.9-4230 August 2006[37]10 August 200620
4.5IA-32, x86-64, IA-644.52.6.9-5517 May 2007[38]1 May 200716
4.6IA-32, x86-64, IA-64, Alpha, s390, s390x, PowerPC (beta), SPARC (beta)4.62.6.9-6716 December 2007[39]16 November 2007[40]30
4.7IA-32, x86-644.72.6.9-7813 September 2008[41]24 July 2008[42]51
4.8IA-32, x86-644.82.6.9-8921 August 2009[43]18 May 2009[44]95
4.9IA-32, x86-644.92.6.9-1002 March 2011[45]16 February 2011[46]14
5.0IA-32, x86-645.02.6.18-812 April 2007[47]14 March 2007[48]28
5.1IA-32, x86-645.12.6.18-532 December 2007[49]7 November 2007[50]25
5.2IA-32, x86-645.22.6.18-9224 June 2008[51]21 May 2008[52]34
5.3IA-32, x86-645.32.6.18-12831 March 2009[53]20 January 2009[54]69
5.4IA-32, x86-645.42.6.18-16421 October 2009[55]2 September 2009[56]49
5.5IA-32, x86-645.52.6.18-19414 May 2010[57]31 March 2010[58]44
5.6IA-32, x86-645.62.6.18-2388 April 2011[59]13 January 2011[60]85
5.7IA-32, x86-645.72.6.18-27413 September 2011[61]21 July 2011[62]54
5.8IA-32, x86-645.82.6.18-3087 March 2012[63]21 February 2012[64]15
5.9IA-32, x86-645.92.6.18-34817 January 2013[65]7 January 2013[66]10
5.10IA-32, x86-645.102.6.18-37119 October 2013[67]30 September 2013[68]19
5.11IA-32, x86-645.112.6.18-39830 September 2014[69]16 September 2014[70]14
6.0[71][72]IA-32, x86-646.02.6.32-7110 July 2011[73]10 November 2010[74]242
6.1IA-32, x86-646.12.6.32-1319 December 2011[75]19 May 2011[76]204
6.2IA-32, x86-646.22.6.32-22020 December 2011[77]6 December 2011[78]14
6.3[79]IA-32, x86-646.32.6.32-2799 July 2012[80]21 June 2012[81]18
6.4IA-32, x86-646.42.6.32-3589 March 2013[82]21 February 2013[83]15
6.5IA-32, x86-646.52.6.32-4311 December 2013[84]21 November 2013[85]10
6.6IA-32, x86-646.62.6.32-50428 October 2014[86]14 October 2014[87]14
6.7IA-32, x86-646.72.6.32-5737 August 2015[88]22 July 2015[89]16
6.8IA-32, x86-646.82.6.32-64225 May 2016[90]10 May 2016[91]15
6.9IA-32, x86-646.92.6.32-696[92]5 April 2017[93]21 March 2017[94]15
6.10[95]IA-32, x86-646.102.6.32-754[96]3 July 2018[97]19 June 2018[98]14

Latest version information[edit]

CentOS versionArchitecturesRHEL baseKernelCentOS release dateRHEL release dateDelay (days)
7.0-1406[99][100]x86-64[101][b]7.03.10.0-1237 July 2014[23]10 June 2014[102]27
7.1-1503x86-647.13.10.0-22931 March 2015[103][104]5 March 2015[105]26
7.2-1511[106]x86-647.23.10.0-32714 December 2015[107][108]19 November 2015[109]25
7.3-1611x86-647.33.10.0-51412 December 2016[110]3 November 2016[111]39
7.4-1708x86-647.43.10.0-69313 September 2017[112]31 July 2017[113]43
7.5-1804x86-647.53.10.0-86210 May 2018[115]10 April 2018[116]31
7.6-1810x86-647.63.10.0-9573 December 2018[118]30 October 2018[119]34

AltArch releases[edit]

AltArch releases are released by the Alternative Architecture Special Interest Group (AltArch SIG) to support architectures that are not supported by the base CentOS releases.

CentOS versionArchitecturesRHEL baseCentOS release date
7.1-1503AArch647.14 August 2015[11]
IA-3212 October 2015[121]
7.2-1511IA-327.219 December 2015[10]
ARMv7hl19 December 2015[10]
PowerPC64 (TechPreview)19 December 2015[10]
PowerPC8 LE (TechPreview)19 December 2015[10]
7.3-1611ARMv7hl7.314 December 2016
PowerPC8 LE22 December 2016
AArch644 January 2017
IA-3227 January 2017
7.4-1708ARMv7hl7.413 September 2017[122]
PowerPC8 LE14 September 2017[123]
PowerPC714 September 2017[124]
AArch6413 September 2017[125]
IA-3212 October 2017[126]
7.5-1804ARMv7hl7.510 May 2018[127]
PowerPC8 LE10 May 2018[115]
PowerPC710 May 2018[115]
AArch6410 May 2018[115]
IA-3210 May 2018[115]
7.6-1810ARMv7hl7.63 December 2018[128]
PowerPC8 LE3 December 2018[129]
PowerPC93 December 2018[129]
AArch643 December 2018[129]
IA-323 December 2018[129]

Add-ons releases[edit]

Software Collections (SCL) is a CentOS repository that provides a set of dynamic programming languages, database servers, and various related packages. Provided software versions are either more recent than their equivalent versions included in the base CentOS distribution, or are made available as official CentOS packages for the first time.[130] (See also the list of CentOS repositories below.)

Packages available from the SCL do not replace the default system tools provided with CentOS. Instead, a parallel set of tools is installed in the /opt directory, and can be optionally enabled per application by using supplied scl utility. For example, the default versions of Perl or MySQL remain those provided by the base CentOS installation.[130]

Add-on nameArchitecturesBase CentOS versionCentOS release dateRHEL release dateDelay (days)
Software Collections (SCL) 1.0[131]x86-646.4, 6.5[132]19 February 2014[132]12 September 2013[131]160
Developer Toolset 2.0[133]IA-32, x86-646.4N/A[134]12 September 2013[133]N/A

End-of-support schedule[edit]

According to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) life cycle,[135] CentOS 5, 6 and 7 will be 'maintained for up to 10 years' as it is based on RHEL.[136] Previously, CentOS 4 had been supported for seven years.[137]

CentOS versionRelease dateFull updates[138][139]Maintenance updates[138][139]
Old version, no longer supported: 319 March 200420 July 200631 October 2010
Old version, no longer supported: 49 March 200531 March 200929 February 2012[140]
Old version, no longer supported: 512 April 200731 January 201431 March 2017[141]
Older version, yet still supported: 610 July 201110 May 201730 November 2020
Current stable version:77 July 2014Q4 202030 June 2024
Old version
Latest version
Future release

Releases without upstream equivalents[edit]

Some of the ISO images released by the CentOS project have no direct upstream equivalents. They are created for specific purposes, such as for providing a live bootable image, or for providing a reduced-size installation media. In addition to those listed below, there are also AltArch releases, which also have no direct upstream equivalents.

LiveCD and LiveDVD images contain a bootable compressed file system, created by a set of custom scripts[142] using a kickstart configuration file.[143] These live images can be also installed to hard disk, thus obtaining a fully functional CentOS installation. The set of packages installed that way on a hard disk can not be adjusted during the installation, as that is a simple transfer of the image existing on CD/DVD, to a hard disk. After booting from hard disk, yum can be used for adding or removing packages.[144]

MinimalCD images contain a minimum of packages required for a functional installation, with no compromises in security or network usability. These minimal images use the standard CentOS installer with all of its regular features minus the selection of packages. Yum can be used after the installation is completed to add or remove packages.[145][146]

CentOS versionRelease nameArchitecturesRHEL baseCentOS release date
4.7ServerIA-32, x86-644.717 October 2008[147]
5.1Live CDIA-325.118 February 2008[148]
5.2Live CDIA-325.217 July 2008[149]
5.3Live CDIA-325.327 May 2009[150]
5.5Live CDIA-32, x86-645.514 May 2010[57]
5.6Live CDIA-32, x86-645.68 April 2011[59]
6.0Live CDIA-32, x86-646.025 July 2011[151]
Live DVD27 July 2011[152]
Minimal CD28 July 2011[146]
6.1Live CDIA-32, x86-646.19 December 2011[153]
Live DVD9 December 2011[154]
Minimal CD9 December 2011[155]
6.2Live CDIA-32, x86-646.220 December 2011[156]
Live DVD20 December 2011[156]
Minimal CD20 December 2011[77]
6.3Minimal CDIA-32, x86-646.39 July 2012[80]
Live CD15 July 2012
Live DVD15 July 2012
6.4Minimal CDIA-32, x86-646.49 March 2013[82]
Live CD22 May 2013[157]
Live DVD22 May 2013[157]
6.5Minimal CDIA-32, x86-646.51 December 2013[84]
Live CD1 December 2013[84]
Live DVD1 December 2013[84]
6.6Minimal CDIA-32, x86-646.628 October 2014[158]
6.7Minimal CDIA-32, x86-646.77 August 2015[159]
7.0-1406[160]Live CDx86-647.07 July 2014[23]
Gnome Live7 July 2014[23]
KDE Live7 July 2014[23]
7.1-1503[161]Live CDx86-647.131 March 2015[103]
Gnome Live31 March 2015[103]
KDE Live31 March 2015[103]
7.2-1511[162]Gnome Livex86-647.214 December 2015[107]
KDE Live14 December 2015[107]

Special interest groups[edit]

Special interest groups (SIGs) are organized portions of the CentOS community that open paths for building specialized variants of CentOS, which fulfill specific sets of requirements. SIGs have the freedom to modify and enhance CentOS in various ways, including adding more cutting-edge software, rebuilding existing packages depending on the requirements, providing alternative desktop environments, or making CentOS available on otherwise unsupported architectures.[163]

Architectures[edit]

As of version 7, CentOS fully supports only the x86-64 architecture,[164] while the following architectures are not supported:

  • IA-32 in all variants, had support temporarily dropped in CentOS 7
  • IA-32 without Physical Address Extension (PAE), not supported since CentOS 6
  • IA-64 (Intel Itanium architecture), was supported in CentOS 3 and 4
  • 32-bitPowerPC (AppleMacintosh and PowerMac running the G3 or G4 PowerPC processor), beta support was available in CentOS 4
  • IBMMainframe (eServerzSeries and S/390), not supported since CentOS 5
  • Alpha, support was available in CentOS 4
  • SPARC, beta support was available in CentOS 4

As of December 2015, AltArch releases of CentOS 7 are available for the ARMv7hl and AArch64 variants of the ARM architecture,[11] and plans exist for supporting other variants of the ARM architecture. ARM support is a community effort coordinated through the AltArch SIG.[11][165] AltArch releases of CentOS 7 are also available for the IA-32 architecture and Power ISA (POWER7 and POWER8 chips).[10]

A Live CD version of CentOS is available at mirror.centos.org. A bootable Live USB image of CentOS can be created manually or with UNetbootin.

CentOS images are also available on Amazon's EC2 cloud, in form of prebuilt and already published Amazon Machine Images (AMIs).[166][167]

Repositories[edit]

There are three primary CentOS repositories (also known as channels), containing software packages that make up the main CentOS distribution:[168]

base
contains packages that form CentOS point releases, and gets updated when the actual point release is formally made available in form of ISO images.
updates
contains packages that serve as security, bugfix or enhancement updates, issued between the regular update sets for point releases. Bugfix and enhancement updates released this way are only those unsuitable to be released through the CentOS-Fasttrack repository described below.[169][170]
addons
provides packages required for building the packages that make up the main CentOS distribution, but are not provided by the upstream.[c]

The CentOS project provides several additional repositories that contain software packages not provided by the default base and updates repositories. Those repositories include the following:[171]

CentOS Extras
contains packages that provide additional functionality to CentOS without breaking its upstream compatibility or updating the base components.
CentOSPlus
contains packages that actually upgrade certain base CentOS components, changing CentOS so that it is not exactly like the upstream provider's content.
CentOS-Testing
serves as a proving ground for packages on their way to CentOSPlus and CentOS Extras. Offered packages may or may not replace core CentOS packages, and are not guaranteed to work properly.
CentOS-Fasttrack
contains bugfix and enhancement updates issued from time to time, between the regular update sets for point releases. The packages released this way serve as close candidates for the inclusion into the next point release. This repository does not provide security updates, and does not contain packages unsuitable for uncertain inclusion into point releases.[169][170][172]
CR (Continuous Release)
makes generally available packages that will appear in the next point release of CentOS. The packages are made available on a testing and hotfix basis, until the actual point release is formally released in form of ISO images.[173]
debuginfo
contains packages with debugging symbols generated when the primary packages were built
contrib
contains packages contributed by CentOS users that do not overlap with any of the core distribution packages
Software Collections
provides versions of software newer than those provided by the base distribution, see above for more details

Notes[edit]

  1. ^CentOS versions older than 7.0-1406 also officially support i686 with Physical Address Extension (PAE), and additional architectures were supported in CentOS versions older than 4.7.
  2. ^As of July 2014, there is an ongoing effort to provide installation images for i386, ARM and PowerPC as well.[23]
  3. ^This repository does not exist for CentOS 6 and 7.

References[edit]

  1. ^ abcJohn Newbigin (14 May 2004). 'CentOS-2 Final finally released'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  2. ^CentOS-announce Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1810) on x86_64 aarch64 i386 ppc64 ppc64le
  3. ^Release for CentOS Linux 6.10 i386 abd x86_64 – Blog.CentOS.org
  4. ^'[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-5.11 i386 and x86_64'. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  5. ^'Frequently Asked Questions about CentOS in general: 1. What is CentOS Linux?'. centos.org. 12 October 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  6. ^'Red hat + CentOS'. Red Hat. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  7. ^ abcKaranbir Singh (7 January 2014). 'CentOS Project joins forces with Red Hat'. centos.org. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  8. ^ ab'CentOS Governance'. centos.org. 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  9. ^Karanbir Singh (9 December 2014). 'Karanbir Singh: CentOS Linux: A Continuously integrating platform'. youtube.com. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  10. ^ abcdefSingh, Karanbir (19 December 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS AltArch 7 (1511)'. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  11. ^ abcdPerrin, Jim (4 August 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS 7 on AArch64'. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  12. ^Jeffrey B. Layton (5 February 2009). 'Caos NSA and Perceus: All-in-one Cluster Software Stack'. Linux Magazine. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  13. ^'gmkurtzer.github.io'.
  14. ^'Retirement of TaoLinux'. centos.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  15. ^Perlow, Jason. (2 August 2009). CentOS: Getting Their S#!t Together is a Top Priority. ZDNet
  16. ^'The most popular Linux for Web servers is ...'(blog). computerworld.com.
  17. ^'Debian is now the most popular Linux distribution on web servers'. w3techs.com.
  18. ^'Red Hat and the CentOS Project Join Forces to Speed Open Source Innovation'. Red Hat. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2014. Red Hat is once again extending its leadership in open source innovation by helping to establish a platform well-suited to the needs of open source developers that integrate technologies in and around the operating system.
  19. ^'Red Hat + CentOS - CentOS Trademark'. Red Hat. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  20. ^'No-Cost RHEL Developer Subscription now available'. Red Hat. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  21. ^'Red Hat License Agreements'. Red Hat. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  22. ^'What is the versioning/release scheme of CentOS and how does it compare to the upstream vendor?'. centos.org. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  23. ^ abcdefKaranbir Singh (7 July 2014). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-7 on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  24. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux > AS/ES/WS Basics'. Red Hat. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  25. ^ ab'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Errata Support Policy'. Red Hat. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  26. ^Lance Davis (19 March 2004). 'CentOS 3.1 has now been released'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  27. ^Lance Davis (10 June 2005). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 3.5 i386 is released'. centos.org.
  28. ^Lance Davis (1 November 2005). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 3.6 is released'. centos.org.
  29. ^Lance Davis (10 April 2006). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 3.7 is released'. centos.org.
  30. ^Johnny Hughes (25 August 2006). '[CentOS-announce] Subject: CentOS 3.8 is released for i386 and x86_64'. centos.org.
  31. ^'CentOS 3.9 is released for i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 26 July 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  32. ^'Distribution Release: CentOS 4'. DistroWatch.com. 9 March 2005.
  33. ^'Distribution Release: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4'. DistroWatch.com. 14 February 2005.
  34. ^Johnny Hughes (12 June 2005). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 4 i386 - CentOS 4.1 i386 is available'. centos.org.
  35. ^Johnny Hughes (13 October 2005). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS-4.2 is Released for i386, x86_64, IA-64, s390, s390x and alpha architectures'. centos.org.
  36. ^Johnny Hughes (21 March 2006). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 4.3 is Released for i386, x86_64, and IA-64'. centos.org.
  37. ^Johnny Hughes (30 August 2006). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 4.4 is released for i386 and x86_64'. centos.org.
  38. ^Johnny Hughes (17 May 2007). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 4.5 is released for i386, x86_64, and IA-64'. centos.org.
  39. ^'Distribution Release: CentOS 4.6'. DistroWatch.com. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
  40. ^'Distribution Release: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.6'. DistroWatch.com. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
  41. ^Johnny Hughes (13 September 2008). 'CentOS 4.7 is released for i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  42. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.7 GA Announcement'. Red Hat. 24 July 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  43. ^Johnny Hughes (21 August 2009). 'CentOS 4 i386 and x86_64 release of CentOS-4.8'. centos.org.
  44. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.8 GA Announcement'. Red Hat. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  45. ^Johnny Hughes (2 March 2011). 'CentOS 4 i386 and x86_64 release of CentOS-4.9'. centos.org.
  46. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.9 GA Announcement'. Red Hat. 16 February 2011.
  47. ^Karanbir Singh (12 April 2007). 'Release for CentOS-5 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  48. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Now Available'. Red Hat. 15 March 2007. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  49. ^Karanbir Singh (2 December 2007). 'Release for CentOS-5.1 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  50. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 General Availability Announcement'. Red Hat. 7 November 2007. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  51. ^Karanbir Singh (24 June 2008). 'Release for CentOS-5.2 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  52. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 General Availability Announcement'. Red Hat. 21 May 2008. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  53. ^Karanbir Singh (1 April 2009). 'Release for CentOS-5.3 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  54. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 General Availability Announcement'. Red Hat. 20 January 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  55. ^Singh, Karanbir (21 October 2009). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-5.4 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  56. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 GA Announcement'. Red Hat. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2009.
  57. ^ abSingh, Karanbir (14 May 2010). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-5.5 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
  58. ^Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (Tikanga) announcement mailing-list (31 March 2010). '[rhelv5-announce] Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 GA Announcement'. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
  59. ^ ab'Release for CentOS-5.6 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  60. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: 5.6 Release Notes'. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
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  71. ^CentOS 6 - Simple, robust, efficient, and finally here, Dedoimedo
  72. ^CentOS 6 review | LinuxBSDos.com
  73. ^'Release for CentOS-6.0 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 10 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  74. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Now Available'. Red Hat. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  75. ^'Release for CentOS-6.1 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
  76. ^'Red Hat Delivers Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1'. Red Hat. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  77. ^ ab'Release for CentOS-6.2 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  78. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  79. ^First look at CentOS 6.3, DistroWatch Weekly
  80. ^ ab'Release for CentOS-6.3 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  81. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.3 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  82. ^ ab'Release for CentOS-6.4 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  83. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 21 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  84. ^ abcd'Release for CentOS-6.5 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 1 December 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  85. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  86. ^'Release for CentOS-6.6 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  87. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.6 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 14 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  88. ^'Release for CentOS Linux 6.7 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  89. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  90. ^'Release for CentOS Linux 6.8 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  91. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  92. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates'. Red Hat.
  93. ^'Release for CentOS Linux 6.9 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  94. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.9 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  95. ^DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 771, 9 July 2018
  96. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.10 Release Notes'. Red Hat.
  97. ^'Release for CentOS Linux 6.10 i386 and x86_64'. centos.org. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  98. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.10 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  99. ^Looking in on CentOS 7 [LWN.net]
  100. ^CentOS 7 review - It's finally here!, Dedoimedo
  101. ^'Are 32-bit applications supported in RHEL 7? - Red Hat Customer Portal'. Red Hat. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  102. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  103. ^ abcdKaranbir Singh (31 March 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1503) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  104. ^Karanbir Singh (1 April 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Update to Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1503)'. centos.org. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  105. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  106. ^Lenovo G50 & CentOS 7.2 KDE - Really nice and cool, Dedoimedo
  107. ^ abcKaranbir Singh (14 December 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1511) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  108. ^Karanbir Singh (14 December 2015). '[CentOS-announce] Update to Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1511)'. centos.org. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  109. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  110. ^Karanbir Singh (12 December 2016). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1611) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  111. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  112. ^Karanbir Singh (13 September 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  113. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  114. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates'. Red Hat. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  115. ^ abcdeKaranbir Singh (10 May 2018). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1804) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  116. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  117. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates'. Red Hat. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  118. ^Johnny Hughes (3 December 2018). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1810) on x86_64'. centos.org. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  119. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 Release Notes'. Red Hat. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  120. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates'. Red Hat. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  121. ^Hughes, Johnny (12 October 2015). '[CentOS-announce] CentOS Linux 7 for 32-bit x86 (i386) Architecture'. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  122. ^Arrotin, Fabian (13 September 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on armhfp'. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  123. ^O'Connor, James (14 September 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on ppc64le'. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  124. ^O'Connor, James (14 September 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on ppc64'. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  125. ^Perrin, Jim (13 September 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS 7.4.1708 for AArch64/ARM64'. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  126. ^Hughes, Johnny (12 October 2017). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS AltArch 7 (1708) on i386 Architecture'. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  127. ^Arrotin, Fabian (10 May 2018). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1804) on armhfp'. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  128. ^Arrotin, Fabian (3 December 2018). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1810) on armhfp'. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  129. ^ abcdArrotin, Fabian (3 December 2018). '[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1810) on aarch64 i386 ppc64le and power9'. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  130. ^ ab'Software Collections 1.0: Release Notes'. centos.org. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  131. ^ ab'Red Hat Extends Red Hat Enterprise Linux Platform with Latest Versions of Popular Programming Languages and Databases'. Red Hat. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  132. ^ ab'[CentOS-announce] Software Collections for CentOS-6 (x86_64 only)'. lists.centos.org. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  133. ^ ab'Red Hat Releases Red Hat Developer Toolset 2.0 with Update to GCC'. Red Hat. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  134. ^'[CentOS] RH developer toolset'. lists.centos.org. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  135. ^'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle'. Red Hat. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  136. ^CentOS team (22 September 2012). 'CentOS Wiki Frontpage'. Retrieved 31 August 2016. Each CentOS version is maintained for up to 10 years (by means of security updates -- the duration of the support interval by Red Hat has varied over time with respect to Sources released). A new CentOS version is released approximately every 2 years and each CentOS version is periodically updated (roughly every 6 months) to support newer hardware.
  137. ^CentOS team. 'CentOS-4 i386 and x86_64 End of Life (EOL)'.
  138. ^ ab'CentOS Product Specifications: End of Lifetime (EOL) Dates'. centos.org. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  139. ^ ab'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle: Life Cycle Dates'. Red Hat. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  140. ^An 'Extended Life-cycle Support (ELS) Add-On Subscription' became available for a further 3 years (i.e. until 2015). The corresponding version of RHEL was on extended support until 31 March 2017.
  141. ^An 'Extended Life-cycle Support (ELS) Add-On Subscription' is available for a further 3 years. The corresponding version of RHEL is on extended support until 30 November 2020.
  142. ^'FedoraLiveCD'. fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  143. ^'CentOS LiveCD Project'. centos.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  144. ^'CentOS LiveDVD 6.4 Release Notes'. centos.org. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  145. ^'CentOS MinimalCD 6.0 Release Notes'. centos.org. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  146. ^ abKaranbir Singh (28 July 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.0 Minimal i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  147. ^Karanbir Singh (17 October 2008). 'CentOS 4.7 Server CD — i386 Released'. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  148. ^Patrice Guay (18 February 2008). 'CentOS 5 i386 - The CentOS-5.1 i386 Live CD is released'. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  149. ^Patrice Guay (17 July 2008). 'CentOS 5 i386 - The CentOS-5.2 i386 Live CD is released'. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  150. ^Singh, Karanbir. '[CentOS-announce] CentOS 5 i386 - The CentOS-5.3 i386 Live CD is released'. centos.org. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  151. ^Karanbir Singh (25 July 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.0 LiveCD i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  152. ^Karanbir Singh (27 July 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.0 LiveDVD i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
  153. ^Karanbir Singh (9 December 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.1 LiveCD i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  154. ^Karanbir Singh (9 December 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.1 LiveDVD i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  155. ^Karanbir Singh (9 December 2011). 'Release for CentOS-6.1 Minimal i386 and x86_64'. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  156. ^ ab'CentOS 6.2 Release Notes'. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  157. ^ ab'[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-6.4 LiveCD and LiveDVD for i386 and x86_64'. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  158. ^'[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS-6.6 i386 and x86_64'. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  159. ^'[CentOS-announce] Release for CentOS Linux 6.7 i386 and x86_64'. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  160. ^'List of images in /7.0.1406/isos/x86_64 directory'. centos.org. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  161. ^'List of images in /centos/7/isos/x86_64 directory'. centos.org. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  162. ^'List of images in /centos/7/isos/x86_64 directory'. centos.org. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  163. ^'Special Interest Groups'. centos.org. 17 November 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  164. ^'About/Product - CentOS Wiki'. CentOS Wiki. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  165. ^Singh, Karanbir (26 March 2014). 'The ARM plan for CentOS'. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  166. ^'Cloud/AWS (CentOS documentation)'. centos.org. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  167. ^'[CentOS-announce] Updated AMI's for Amazon EC2 are now available'. centos.org. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  168. ^'Software Management Concepts: About Repositories (CentOS 5 manual)'. centos.org. 24 November 2005. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  169. ^ abJohnny Hughes (6 April 2006). '[CentOS] CentOS FastTrack repository'. lists.centos.org. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  170. ^ abJay Turner (3 April 2006). 'Re: Fastrack channels?'. redhat.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  171. ^'Available Repositories for CentOS'. centos.org. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  172. ^'Red Hat Network (RHN) FasTrack'. Red Hat. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  173. ^'The Continuous Release (CR) Repository'. centos.org. Retrieved 8 October 2013.

Further reading[edit]

  • Membrey, Peter (2009). The Definitive Guide to CentOS. Apress. ISBN978-1-4302-1930-9.
  • Negus, Christopher; Timothy Boronczyk (2009). CentOS Bible. Wiley. ISBN978-0-470-48165-3.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CentOS&oldid=895850359'
SLAC Computing
UNIX at SLAC
Linux at SLAC
Updated: 09 Nov 2011
There are several steps to setting up a fully-integrated Red Hat EnterpriseLinux 6 (RHEL6) system at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory:
  1. Before you Begin
  2. Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  3. Post Install
  4. SLAC Configuration

Please note: These are not complete Red Hat EnterpriseLinux install instructions; go to the Red Hat Web site for more complete information.

Before you Begin

System Requirements

Architecture
These instructions are for installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6) on an IA-32 system (i.e., a 32-bit Intel- or AMD-based system) and Opteron 64-bit systems (x86_64).
Minimum Memory
Red Hat recommends for 32 bit a minimum of 1GB memory/logical CPU, and for 64 bit a minimum of 1GB of memory, 1GB/logical CPU. At SLAC, RHEL6 has been successfully installed on systems with 512 MB, but such systems have a tendency to bog down badly due to excessive swapping when too many applications are open at once.
Minimum Disk Space
OCIO recommends a minimum disk size of above 12 GB, and a minimum root partition ('/') size of about 9 GB.
CDROM Drive
Red Hat does not include a floppy version of the boot images for RHEL6. Your system will need a boot-capable CDROM drive, or a BIOS which knows how to PXE boot (ask unix-admin about that if you have questions).

Preparing to Install

  1. Consider submitting a request to have OCIO do the installation for you.
  2. Have previous experience installing Red Hat Linux, or else read the Red Hat Install document.
  3. Have an IP address and node name for your system. If necessary, request an IP Address and Node Name from your Desktop admin.
  4. Have available the network and host information required by a Red Hat Linux install, which includes (but may not be limited to): IP address, gateway, netmask and DNS server (provided by your Desktop admin when you obtain your IP address); video card/monitor specs (including size of video RAM); disk drive size; etc.
  5. If you are an experienced Linux user and intend to retain some responsibility for administering your system, you may want to familiarize yourself with Taylor before beginning. This is the tool OCIO uses to adapt systems to the SLAC environment and we strongly encourage you to use it.
  6. If you are installing on a machine that was previously taylored, you should print a copy of the file /etc/taylor.opts before beginning.

This procedure does a 'clean install', not an upgrade. If youfollow OCIO recommendations against storing permanent data on aworkstation's system disk, this should not be a problem. If you dohave some data you want to preserve on this disk, but it is all storedin a non-system partition, e.g., /u1, you might be OK, providing yoursystem partitions are large enough to accommodate RHEL6 withsufficient room for future updates (seeDisk Partitions, below). Otherwise, it isyour responsibility to backup your data before beginning theinstallation. If you must restore it to a local filesystem after theinstallation, we strongly urge you to buy a second disk and keeppermanent data off the system disk.

You may want to work next to a machine with a web browser and access theRed Hat installation manual from the documentation area of the Red Hat web site.

Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

The installation program is mostly self-explanatory if you have installedUNIX or Linux before. We will only mention either complex or SLAC-specificissues below.

Create an Installation CDROM

To make a bootable CDROM for installing RHEL6, you will need to burnan ISO 9660 image file onto CD-R (or CD-RW) media.On Linux, you can use an application likeXcdroast (requires X Windows)orcdrecord(a command-line tool). On a RHEL5 desktop system, double clicking on a fileending in '.iso' will bring up a 'Write to Disk' dialog box which can be usedto burn a copy of the file to a CD-R disk.Mac OSX can successfully create bootable CDROMs using the CDROM burning utility.

To create an installation boot CDROM under Linux, using the cdrecord utility:

  1. Find the ISO 9660 disc image for an installation boot CDROM for your architecture and the current RHEL6 Update level:

    for 64-bit

    for 32-bit

  2. Put a blank CD-R (or CD-RW) disc into the CDROM drive.
  3. To get information about your CDROM drive, run the command: You'll get a line that includes some text identifying your specific CDROM device, along with the device address; for example: The first field in this example, '1,0,0', is your CDROM device address. This is the information you'll need.
  4. Run a command like the following: On some systems you may need to prefix the device address with a transport layer indicator, such as 'ATA:' or 'ATAPI:', or you may need additional options on the cdrecord command line. See the man page for cdrecord for details.

    If you haven't burned any CDROMs before, it's a good idea to run some tests first by adding the '-dummy' option to the cdrecord command line.

The ISO image for RHEL6.1 includes a 'Rescue' option.

Boot the Installation Program

Stick the CDROM in the drive and reboot your machine.

If your machine ignores the CDROM at boot time, and simply rebootsthe existing system on the hard disk, there is most likely aproblem with the boot order in the BIOS. You can usually getinto the BIOS by pressing a function key (usually F2) early inthe boot process. The various BIOS screens vary quite a bit,even within a single vendor's products. However, there isusually a place where you can specify the order in which the BIOSshould look for a bootable device. You should make sure it looksat the CDROM drive before the hard disk.

At the introductory, 'Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1!' menu, choose 'Install or upgradean existing system'. Other possible choices include 'Install system with basicvideo driver', 'Rescue installed system', 'Boot from local drive' , or a'Memory test.'

N.B. If your initial installation attempt fails with a wonky video display,retry with the 'basic video driver'.

N.B. There may be some variations in the order of thescreens in the installation program depending on your exact hardwareconfiguration and/or the choices you make, so it's probably a good idea toread through the rest of this section before proceeding.

It will take a minute or two to load. Choose 'Skip' to skip the media test.

Next, after questions regarding 'Language' and 'Keyboard' choice, the installationproceeds to 'Installation Method.'

NFS Install Method

In the 'Installation Method' screen, choose NFS directory to insure thatthe latest SLAC-recommended kernel and RPMs are installed. If you installfrom a CDROM, you may need to upgrade the kernel after installation inorder to comply with SLAC security requirements.

Next, you will be asked to configure TCP/IP.

Under Enable IPv4 support Uncheck Use dynamic IP configurationby checking the Manual Configuration. Uncheck Enable IPv6support. (Movement and select directions are at the bottom of the screen).

On the next screen 'Manual TCP/IP Configuration' enter the IP Address, Netmask,Default gateway and Primary nameserver information given toyou by your Desktop admin when you requested your node name and IP address.The primary nameserver is 134.79.110.8.

WARNING:

Please be careful to enter this information accurately, because errors candisrupt the network.

Next you will enter NFS setup information. The NFS servername is lnxinstall.slac.stanford.edu and the Red Hat directoriesare:


  • For Opteron and EMT64 systems:/gpfs/slac/staas/fs1/r/g.scs.redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u4/x86_64.
  • For all other systems(Pentium, Athlon, etc.): /gpfs/slac/staas/fs1/r/vol/vol1/g.scs.redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u4/i386.

If the directory can't be mounted, try using the fully qualified hostname (including .slac.stanford.edu) like this: lnxinstall.slac.stanford.edu. You could also try using the IP address by doing a 'nslookup' or 'host' command to find the current IP address of lnxinstall.

Introductory screens

Note: If you want to capture a particular screen display in theinstallation, to refer to later, you can press 'Print'+'Shift'. The screencopy will be stored in /root/anaconda-screenshots/ for you.Red Hat Linux 65 64 Bit Iso Download

After the splash RHEL6 screen, the next questions are:

  • What type of devices will your installation involve. Choose 'Basic Storage Devices'
  • If an existing installation is discovered on the system, you'll be asked if you want a 'Fresh Installation' or 'Upgrade an Existing Installation'. Either way, assuming you have backed up any importantfiles, choose 'Fresh Installation'
  • The 'Please name this computer' should be auto-filled in. You should not need to 'Configure Network'
    • Please select the nearest City in your time zone The root password screen. Choose a good root password and DON'T FORGET IT! SLAC's post-installation tool taylor will override this password.
  • 'Which type of installation would you like?' Choose 'Create Custom Layout'

    The default partitioning scheme used by the the other options is not suitable for use in the SLAC environment.

Iso

Disk Partitions

The table below shows suggested partitioning schemes for two different sizedisks, representing typical sizes of disks available on older hardware stillin service here at SLAC. Newer systems usually have substantially largersystem disks.

Make sure to give Linux at least a 9 GB root partition. If your root partition is less than about 9 GB, you should omit installingsome of the software package groups recommended below, in order to allowroom for future upgrades and security patches. Similarly, if you installmore package groups than suggested below, you will probably need a largerroot partition -- perhaps 10-12 GB if you install nearly everything. Smallroot partitions can make it difficult or impossible to install requiredsecurity patches later on. Systems that cannot apply required securitypatches in a timely fashion may be denied access to the SLACnetwork. If possible the root partion should be at least 20 GBfor modern machines with 100 GB and larger disks.

You should also create a swap partition at least as large as the memory(twice the main memory is a good rule of thumb for the size of the swappartition).

If there is sufficient space, we recommend that you allocate an/scswork partition of 1 GB, to be reserved for the exclusiveuse of OCIO. Use the rest for scratch space; for example, you might want tocreate a larger /tmp or add a separate /scratchdirectory. Note that older files in /tmp are periodicallyremoved but files in /scratch will remain until removed by youunless the system is re-installed.

Always choose to format your Linux partitions. Use the new, ext4 filesystemtype on all partitions except swap and /usr/vice/cache/cache.. (In earlierversions of AFS, /usr/vice/cache needed the ext2 filesystem, but ext4 isnow compatible with the AFS cache). ext4 is a journaling filesystem andwill permit much faster recovery following crashes.

WARNING! You should not allocateany partitions on the system disk for permanent data. Because of the largesizes of currently available disks, you may be strongly tempted to ignorethis warning. However, it is very risky to do so, because:

  • we do not backup the data on local disks attached to workstations;
  • the disks installed in workstation-class machines are much less reliable than those we buy for our fileservers; and,
  • our support model assumes that it's OK to repartition and re-install the system disk on short notice.

The best way to make use of extra space on your system disk is to allocate alarge /tmp or /scratch partition. If you need additional permanent space,please contact unix-admin@slac.stanford.edu; we will do our best to help youacquire reliable, backed-up storage at a reasonable cost.If you ignore this warning, it will be your responsibility to saveand restore your data the next time your system needs to bere-installed.

Note that partition names and numbers, and the order of the partitions, areassigned automatically. Also, the actual sizes ofallocated partitions may vary a little bit from what you request in theGUI interface. This may make it difficult to allocate every last blockon the disk. The OCIO recommendation is to use LVMs and to leave extra roomwhich can be used later.

Suggested partition schemes for typical hard disks:
Partition
Mount Point		Partition
Type		Partition Size
12 GB disk+18 GB or larger disk
/ext4 9 GB 12 GB
swapswap1 x memory or
at least 512 MB		2 x memory or
at least 1 GB
/varext4512 MB 4 GB
/usr/vice/cacheext4512 MB 2 GB
/tmpext4512 MB 4 GB
/scsworkext4omit 1 GB
/scratch (or extra /tmp space)ext4omitremainder

When you begin, you'll have a screen that appears this way:

When you are done, You'll have a configuration something like this:

There will be two dialog boxes confirming you want to reformat the disk.

Boot Loader Configuration

Accept the defaults for the other options on this screen.

Selecting Installation

As stated by the installer, 'The default installation of Red Hat EnterpriseLinux is a desktop install.' Other choices include, 'Minimal Desktop','WebDevlopment Workstation', 'Software Devlopment Workstation', and'Minimal'Please do not install the 'Web Development Workstation' unless you really know what you are doing andokay it with OCIO first.

Don't worry too much about getting every package you might ever want -- youcan always add additional packages later.

86 bit After this, the installationwill begin. It may take 15 minutes to over an hour to install the packagesdepending on the speed of your machine and network.

Once complete, you'll be presentedwith a 'Congratulations' screen. NOTE you'll want to eject yourboot CDROM prior to rebooting so you don't boot back to the boot iso image.

Download Rhel 7 Iso 64 Bit

The final installation screen has a 'reboot' bottom on the right corner.Again, makesure to remove any CDROM left in the drive from the initial boot of theinstallation program.

Post Install

Red Hat Welcome

The first time you boot your newly-installed system in the graphicalrun level (run level 5) the Red Hat Welcome screens mayautomatically run.

If you are planning to taylor your system you can skip most or all ofthese steps -- they are either unneeded or will be handled by taylor.

The welcome screens are intended for stand-alone systems andguides you through a number of first time system administration taskssuch as:

  • License Information

    • You'll need to agree to the License agreement.

  • Set Up Software Updates

    • If running Taylor, then choose 'no'. (You'll need to confirm 'No Thanks'.)

  • Create User, (a non-admin local account)

    • In particular, avoid creating a local account with the same username as your SLAC UNIX account or registering personally with RHN. If you plan to taylor the system, you do not need to create a local account. Please do not. For the Create User screen 'Forward' button with no additions or adjustments. You'll need to confirm you want to continue without a user account.

  • Date and Time

    • Accept the defaults.

  • Kdump

    • Accept the defaults. Do not choose to reboot to enable kdumps.

On the next screen, you'll click on 'Other..' enter 'root' as the user andpassword you picked earlier. You'll see messages related to being logged inas root, and how it's not ideal, but this okay for this one time. You'll alsosee missing entitlements messages.

SLAC Configuration

WARNING: This is not (yet) for laptop users.

Taylor is the tool used by OCIO for administering the very large number ofUNIX (including Linux) systems for which we are responsible. It can be runafter the Red Hat installation program to automatically configure your newsystem to be integrated into the SLAC environment. It normally installs acronjob which will maintain your system automatically.

Some of the things Taylor does include:

  • Configure the network interfaces for the correct subnet at SLAC.
  • Set up network services such as NIS, DNS, NTP, and syslog correctly.
  • Install or update recommended software, including AFS, AMD, SSH, and LPRng.
  • Update the passwd and groups files to include OCIO-required system accounts and to permit login by users via their regular SLAC UNIX accounts (this can be restricted after Taylor runs the first time).
  • Configure sendmail for SLAC's email environment.
  • Install LPRng to centralize printing.
  • Install some TrueType fonts.
  • Remove or reconfigure some insecure services.
  • Install sudo with a centrally-managed sudoers file (sudo is a UNIX tool to allow users to issue privileged commands).
  • Install and run yum to get updates.
  • Optionally, setup /usr/local to point to SLAC AFS /usr/local for Linux.
  • Install an hourly Emergency cronjob that can be used, for example, to apply urgent security fixes.
  • Install a nightly Taylor cronjob to apply routine maintenance to your system automatically (this cronjob can be removed, and Taylor re-run by hand from time to time, on mission-critical servers).

For additional information,see the Taylor Web page.

Running Taylor

Taylor uses a configuration file, /etc/taylor.opts, to controlits actions. If you don't have this file the first time you run Taylor, itwill install one with a reasonable set of defaults. However, you may wantto set some of these options before you run Taylor the first time, since theroot password you set during installation will otherwise beoverridden at this point.

If your machine was previously taylored, you will most likely want torestore most or all of the options from your old taylor.optsfile (you did print a copy beforebeginning, right?).If your machine is connected to anon-autonegotiating (fixed speed) 100 MB/s port, it isparticularly important to include the option,ethernet=100mb.If you are not sure, omit this option or check with net-admin or your DesktopAdmin.

If your machine has not been previously taylored, look in /afs/slac/package/taylor/taylor.opts for a sampletaylor.opts file. In particular, this file includes commentedout examples examples showing how to:

  • Control the root password
  • Select a graphical or text-mode login
  • Request a private /usr/local directory

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For a more complete list of options, do man taylor.opts.

After running Taylor the first time, if you subsequently need an optionchanged and can no longer modify /etc/taylor.opts yourself,contact one of your Linux Desktop Support people or send mail to unix-admin.

First get to a terminal prompt from the GUI by selecting from the top leftof the menu bar 'Applications',then 'Systems Tools' and lastly 'Terminal'.

To install and run Taylor, execute the following command:

You will be asked whether to use the version of /usr/localmaintained by OCIO or set up a private /usr/local. We highlyrecommend that you use the central one.

After you are done, on the next reboot you'll be asked if you want to updatestandard folders to current language.

Taylor will probably take several minutes to complete its work. If there isan error and you can see how to fix the problem, it is safe to reruntaylor afterward. If you have an error you cannot understandor fix, send email to unix-admin to request help. If possible, paste the errormessages from Taylor into the email.

Access to SLAC's MAIL Spool and other NFS servers

If you receive your email via the UNIX mail spool rather than SLAC'sExchange server, you'll need access to/nfs/mailspool/mail/<your_UID>. Some users may also wantto access other central NFS file servers from their Linux workstations.Access to NFS is not automatic; for security reasons you must submit arequest to OCIO for permission to mount our central servers. There is asimple NFS Accessform for this purpose if you do not need any superuser privileges on themachine. If you also need privileges, see the next section.

Superuser Privileges

If you need superuser privileges (i.e., the root passwordand/or sudo ALL) on your machine, you will need to carefullyread the Superuser/NFSPrivileges page, then fill out and submit the form you'll findthere. If you also need NFS access, you must request it via this same form.

SLAC's RPM Repository

SLAC maintains a mirror of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 6 distribution ona RedHat Linux Satellite Server.

yum

The yum command is a program that can look at a directory or at an ftp orhttp site and determine if there are updates to any of your packages there.If it finds them, it can also install them. Taylor installs yum and uses itto apply required security updates. In addition, Taylor configures yum sothat you or your system admin can use it to install any necessary bug fixRPMs to bring your system up to the latest OCIO-recommended Red Hat updatelevel. The command to do this is simply,To find out what yum would do without actually doing it, use thecommand, sudo yum check-update.

Extras

Use the GUI program: to find additional RPMSthat you might want to install (the program is from the gnome-packagekit RPM).You can also find this program in Gnome under the System menu, then underthe Adminstration menu, then 'Add/Remove Software'.


Rescue from your CD iso image

  1. Boot as you do above in the installation section
  2. Select Rescue from Menu of choices
  3. Choose a Language
  4. Choose Keyboard Type
  5. For Rescue Method - Choose NFS directory
  6. Configure TCP/IP - Manual configuration
  7. Give it the path as defined in the install section
  8. Choose continue step
  9. This will mount your system under /mnt/sysimage

Known Issues

There are some known issues with RHEL6. Please see the RHEL6 Releasenotes for other information:
Release Notes

If one installs with the ancient 6u1 images, one must run this command to fix the /etc/redhat-release text on the node:

/u/sf/ksa/bin/redhat-release

Failure to do that will cause your system to be flagged as a system that needs patching, even if it is getting all the required patches it needs to be cyber secure.

More Information

IMPORTANT
Join the SLAC Linux mailing list to exchange information and advicewith other users. There is a convenient Web page for subscribing orreviewing the archives or you can send mail tomajordomo@slac.stanford.edu with the first line of the body being'subscribe linux-l'.

If you need more information, please have a look at ourLinux Resources page.


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